SURFACE
The implant surface is key in achieving optimal Osseo integration. It is well documented that the surface characteristics of implanted materials can influence the healing and growth of tissues adjacent to the implant surface.
Current trends in clinical dental implant therapy include use of endosseous dental implant surfaces embellished with nano scale topographies. The goal of this review is to consider the role of nano scale topographic modification of titanium substrates for the purpose of improving osseo integration. Nano technology offers engineers and biologists new ways of interacting with relevant biological processes. Moreover, nanotechnology has provided means of understanding and achieving cell specific functions.
The various techniques that can impart nano scale topographic features to titanium endosseous implants are described. Existing data supporting the role of nano topography suggest that critical steps in osseo integration can be modulated by nano scale modification of the implant surface. Important distinctions between nano scale and micron-scale modification of the implant surface are presently considered.
The advantages and disadvantages of nano scale modification of the dental implant surface are discussed. Finally, available data concerning the current dental implant surfaces that utilize nano topography in clinical dentistry are described. Nano scale modification of titanium endosseous implant surfaces can alter cellular and tissue responses that may benefit osseo integration and dental implant therapy.
All MSimplants, excluding the Orthodontic screws and Provisional implants, share a total surface roughness in the boundary of 1.8-2.2 Ra microns, and a micro geometry of titanium, that is achieved by sand blasting particles and acid-etching.
A larger surface area increases the bone to implant contact, resulting in more area for bone-cell attachment. The surface topography is highly dependent on the micro structure of the titanium used. For most cell types, topography in micron and sub micron ranges influence activation, adhesion, orientation, morphology, and movement of the cells. There is strong evidence that different morphological dimensions are important, and effect osteoblast interaction with the surface in different ways.
The arithmetic average of the deviation Ra is the most commonly used measurement for surface roughness. The micro geometry of MSImplants meets the roughness recommended in the international literature. The arithmetic average of the deviation Ra is the most commonly used measurement for surface roughness.The micro geometry of MSImplants implants meets the roughness recommended in the international literature. The arithmetic average of the deviation Ra is the most commonly used measurement for surface roughness.
